Diversity and Adaptation of Currently Grown Wheat Landraces and Modern Germplasm in Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey

Collection of wheat landraces (WLR) was conducted in Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey 2010–2014. A representative subset this collection used the current study included 45 bread from Turkey, 19 20 Afghanistan. This material supplemented by 73 modern cultivars breeding lines adapted to semiarid conditions irrigated conditions. Overall, 157 genotypes were tested 2018 2019 Afghanistan Iran under rainfed compare performance WLR material. The germplasm genotyped using a high density Illumina Infinium 25K SNP array KASP markers for agronomic traits. average grain yield ranged between 2.2 4.0 t/ha depending on site year. Three groups demonstrated similar yield, though slightly higher yielding not only but also Turkey. Modern outyielded two environments out four. highest competitive with best germplasm. Frequency gene Sus2-2B affecting 1000 kernel weight 64% 3% Presence positive allele increased nearly 4%. Breeding strategy improved is discussed.